Module 2: Interior, Insulation, Ventilation, and Electrical Systems (25 Hours)
Introduction:
This module emphasizes the importance of understanding the internal systems that impact a property’s livability, energy efficiency, and overall safety. Beyond a home’s appearance, these systems determine whether a property is both comfortable and sustainable. Realtors who master these concepts can better guide their clients in assessing properties and making informed decisions. Whether evaluating insulation levels, inspecting ventilation systems, or checking electrical safety, these skills allow realtors to provide a more comprehensive analysis of a home’s condition. Mastery of these topics is especially critical when dealing with older homes, which may require updates to meet modern standards.

Key Learning Objectives:
1. Interior Systems
The interior components of a property—such as floors, walls, ceilings, and staircases—play a significant role in assessing its overall condition and stability. Realtors will learn how to detect problems like uneven floors, cracked walls, and moisture damage, all of which can point to underlying structural issues. For example, cracks near doors and windows might indicate foundation settlement or shifting, while water stains on ceilings can suggest roof leaks or poor insulation ​(Structure Tech Home Inspections; Edina Realty).
Additionally, this section covers the importance of assessing attics, stairways, and railings for both safety and stability. Knowing how to identify issues like loose stair treads or unstable railings ensures that clients are informed of potential safety hazards that could require immediate attention.

Example: During an inspection, a realtor notices that the floors in a hallway are sloping slightly. While this could be due to the natural settling of an older home, it might also indicate more severe structural problems, such as shifting foundations or compromised load-bearing walls. By recognizing these signs, realtors can recommend a more detailed inspection by a structural engineer ​(Structure Tech Home Inspections).

2. Insulation and Ventilation
Effective insulation and ventilation are key to maintaining a property’s energy efficiency and preventing long-term issues like mold growth and poor air quality. Realtors will explore different insulation materials, such as fiberglass, spray foam, and rigid foam boards, learning how to assess whether these materials are correctly installed and sufficient for the property’s needs. Inadequate insulation can lead to heat loss in the winter and overheating in the summer, driving up energy costs​ (InterNACHI; Edina Realty).

Similarly, proper ventilation—particularly in attics, bathrooms, and kitchens—is essential for maintaining healthy indoor air quality. Realtors will learn how to spot signs of poor ventilation, such as mold growth, condensation, and stale air, and understand how these issues can affect both the property’s condition and the occupants’ health.

Example: A realtor inspecting a property notices that the attic has poor airflow, as evidenced by a musty smell and visible mold on the insulation. These conditions suggest inadequate ventilation, which could lead to serious issues if not addressed. By identifying these problems early, realtors can guide clients toward solutions like adding venting or upgrading insulation​ (InterNACHI).

3. Electrical Systems
Electrical safety is paramount when evaluating a property, especially when dealing with older homes that may have outdated or unsafe wiring. In this section, realtors will learn how to inspect electrical service panels, identify different types of wiring (e.g., aluminum versus copper), and check for compliance with modern safety standards​ (InterNACHI; Edina Realty).

Recognizing potential hazards, such as overloaded circuits, improper grounding, or the absence of GFCI (Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter) outlets in wet areas like kitchens and bathrooms, is critical to ensuring a property’s safety. Realtors will also gain insights into identifying outdated electrical systems that might pose fire risks, such as knob-and-tube wiring, which is still present in some older homes. Knowing when to recommend an electrical upgrade or further evaluation by a licensed electrician can prevent costly repairs and protect clients from potential dangers.

Example: While inspecting a 1960s home, a realtor finds that the property still has aluminum wiring, which is more prone to overheating and electrical fires. Despite the seller’s claims that the system has never had issues, the realtor recognizes that modern standards require safer alternatives and advises the client to consider rewiring the home or negotiating for a credit to cover potential upgrades​ (Structure Tech Home Inspections; Edina Realty).

Final Exam – Reflective Situational Questions:

Scenario-Based Reflection: While inspecting the interior of an older home, you notice uneven floors and cracks along the ceiling near a staircase. These could indicate structural shifts or past water damage. How would you advise a client who is considering renovations? Reflect on how you would balance the client’s enthusiasm for the property with the need to address potential safety concerns, and how your recommendations could influence their renovation plans​.

Practical Knowledge Reflection: During an inspection, you find that the home’s attic has insufficient insulation and poor ventilation, leading to moisture buildup. This could cause mold growth and energy inefficiencies. How would you explain these issues to a client who is unfamiliar with home systems? Reflect on how you would propose solutions, like adding insulation or improving ventilation, while considering both the client’s budget and the potential return on investment.

Ethical Dilemma Reflection: A property you’re inspecting has outdated electrical wiring that is still functional but does not meet modern safety standards. The seller is downplaying the issue, insisting it’s “never caused a problem.” How would you handle this situation, ensuring that your client is fully informed of the risks while maintaining a professional relationship with all parties involved? Reflect on the balance between honesty, diplomacy, and client advocacy​.

Module 3: Heating, Cooling, and Plumbing Systems (25 Hours)
Introduction:
The mechanical systems in a home—such as heating, cooling, and plumbing—are integral to its comfort, safety, and energy efficiency. These systems not only determine operational costs but also impact the overall livability of a property. Realtors with a deep understanding of how these systems function can help clients avoid costly repairs and ensure that they make well-informed purchasing decisions. Whether evaluating the condition of HVAC units or identifying plumbing problems, this module equips realtors with the knowledge needed to conduct thorough assessments of a property’s functionality. By mastering these concepts, realtors can guide clients toward investments that match their needs, budget, and long-term goals.

Key Learning Objectives:
1. Heating Systems
In regions with cold climates, a well-functioning heating system is crucial for maintaining comfort and safety during winter months. Realtors will explore various heating systems, including furnaces, boilers, and heat pumps, gaining insights into their operational mechanics, efficiency ratings, and potential problem areas. For example, cracked heat exchangers in furnaces are a common issue that can lead to dangerous carbon monoxide leaks ​(InterNACHI).

Realtors will also learn to evaluate AFUE (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency) ratings, which measure how efficiently a heating system converts fuel into heat. Higher AFUE ratings indicate better energy efficiency, which can translate into lower heating costs for homeowners ​(InterNACHI; HomeLight).

By understanding these factors, realtors can provide clients with accurate information regarding the operational costs and expected lifespan of different heating systems, allowing for more strategic decision-making.
Example: While inspecting a property with an older furnace, a realtor notices visible rust and corrosion around the heat exchanger. Understanding the safety risks associated with this issue, the realtor advises the client to have a professional HVAC technician assess the system and considers negotiating a replacement as part of the purchase agreement​ (Structure Tech Home Inspections).

2. Cooling Systems
Effective cooling systems are vital in warmer climates, where maintaining a comfortable indoor environment during hot seasons is essential. This section covers the inspection of air conditioning units, including central AC systems, ductwork, and window units. Realtors will learn how to spot signs of inefficiency, such as refrigerant leaks, poor insulation, and inadequate airflow, which can lead to uneven cooling and higher energy bills​ (InterNACHI; Edina Realty).
Understanding SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio) ratings helps realtors guide clients on the advantages of upgrading to more energy-efficient cooling systems. SEER ratings measure the efficiency of air conditioners, with higher ratings indicating better performance and lower operating costs. Realtors will also explore the impact of outdated or poorly maintained ductwork, which can lead to significant energy losses and increased utility expenses.
Example: During an inspection, a realtor finds that the home’s central air conditioning system has a low SEER rating, leading to higher cooling costs. Additionally, the ductwork shows signs of wear and tear, with visible leaks and poor insulation. By recognizing these inefficiencies, the realtor can recommend solutions, such as upgrading to a higher SEER unit or sealing and insulating the ducts​ (Structure Tech Home Inspections; HomeLight).

3. Plumbing Systems
Plumbing is a core component of a home’s functionality and livability, making it essential to assess its condition during property evaluations. This section teaches realtors how to inspect water supply lines, drainage systems, and sewage connections for issues like leaks, blockages, and corrosion. Understanding the risks associated with outdated materials, such as galvanized steel pipes, is crucial, as these pipes are prone to rust and can contaminate the water supply ​(InterNACHI; HomeLight).

Realtors will also learn how to identify hidden leaks, which, if left unchecked, can lead to water damage, mold growth, and significant repair costs. Recognizing these issues early allows realtors to advise clients on necessary upgrades or maintenance, ensuring that the property remains both safe and functional.

Example: A realtor inspecting an older home notices that the plumbing system includes galvanized steel pipes, which are corroding and reducing water pressure. The realtor understands that these pipes are at risk of leaks and advises the client to consider repiping the home with modern materials like PEX or copper, potentially negotiating a price adjustment to cover the cost​ (HomeLight; Edina Realty).

Final Exam – Reflective Situational Questions:
Scenario-Based Reflection: Your client is considering a property with an older furnace that shows signs of rust and corrosion, particularly around the heat exchanger. This poses significant safety risks, including the potential for carbon monoxide leaks. How would you convey the urgency of replacing the system to your client, and how would you assist them in negotiating with the seller for a replacement or credit? Reflect on how your approach could impact both the transaction and your client’s trust in your expertise​.

Visual Analysis Reflection: During an inspection of a central air conditioning unit, you notice condensation on the evaporator coils and evidence of water damage nearby. These signs could indicate a refrigerant leak or poor maintenance. How would you explain the implications of this finding to a client, particularly in terms of future repair costs and energy efficiency? Reflect on how your advice could shape the client’s decision, especially if they are prioritizing comfort and long-term savings​.

Problem-Solving Reflection: A home you’re inspecting has galvanized plumbing that is showing signs of corrosion and reduced water pressure. Discuss the risks associated with these older pipes, such as leaks or contamination, and suggest a plan of action for the client, including potential costs for repiping. Reflect on how you would present this information in a way that balances transparency with reassurance, helping the client make a well-informed decision​.

Module 4: Professional Practices, NYS License Law, and Report Writing (25 Hours)
Introduction:
In real estate inspections, success goes beyond technical expertise. It requires a strong grasp of legal requirements, ethical practices, and effective communication. This module focuses on the professional conduct, regulatory compliance, and report writing skills that realtors and home inspectors need to excel in their roles. Realtors who master these practices can build lasting trust with clients and solidify their reputation as reliable industry professionals. By adhering to state regulations, ethical standards, and delivering clear and actionable reports, realtors can significantly enhance their value in the marketplace. This module ensures that realtors are equipped not only to conduct thorough inspections but also to present their findings in a way that is both legally sound and client-friendly.

Key Learning Objectives:
1. Overview of Professional Practices
Realtors must operate with a high level of professionalism and integrity, particularly during property inspections. This section delves into the core principles of ethical conduct, such as maintaining objectivity, transparency, and avoiding conflicts of interest. Realtors will learn best practices for managing client relationships, setting clear expectations, and navigating difficult situations while maintaining professionalism. For instance, managing a situation where a client insists on ignoring a critical inspection finding requires tact and firm adherence to ethical guidelines ​(Structure Tech Home Inspections; InterNACHI).

Additionally, this section covers the importance of clear communication and proactive problem-solving, both of which are essential for building long-term relationships and earning client trust in a competitive market. Realtors will gain insights into establishing strong reputations through consistent ethical behavior, which is key to achieving long-term success in real estate.
Example: A realtor is conducting an inspection for a property where the seller requests that minor issues be downplayed. However, maintaining ethical standards requires full transparency. The realtor explains to the seller that it’s in everyone’s best interest to disclose accurate information, as this prevents legal issues down the road and builds trust with buyers​ (Structure Tech Home Inspections).
2. NYS License Law and Compliance
Legal compliance is fundamental to protecting both the realtor and their clients from potential disputes. In this section, realtors will explore the specific licensing requirements and regulations set by New York State, including the continuing education and certification needed to maintain a valid license. This topic also covers the Standards of Practice, which outline what must be inspected, what can be excluded, and how findings should be reported. Understanding these legal obligations ensures that realtors’ practices align with state guidelines, reducing the risk of liability and providing clients with legally sound advice​ (InterNACHI; Edina Realty).

Realtors will also learn about mandatory elements in inspection reports, such as documenting limitations, disclaimers, and further evaluation recommendations. This knowledge is crucial for delivering services that meet state standards and avoid legal complications.
Example: A realtor inspecting a property discovers potential lead paint in an older home. Under New York State law, this finding must be reported, and proper documentation must be included in the inspection report. By understanding these requirements, the realtor ensures that their report is legally compliant and protects both the client and themselves from future liability ​(InterNACHI; HomeLight).

3. Report Writing
The ability to produce clear, concise, and actionable reports is essential for effectively communicating inspection findings to clients. In this section, realtors will learn how to structure inspection reports that prioritize key issues without overwhelming clients with technical jargon. The report writing process involves integrating photos, summaries, and detailed recommendations while maintaining a clear and organized format that clients can easily navigate​ (HomeLight; Edina Realty).

Realtors will also explore best practices for highlighting critical findings and addressing them in a way that’s easy for clients to understand and act upon. Additionally, this topic covers the importance of including appropriate disclaimers, noting any areas that could not be inspected, and offering further recommendations when necessary. By mastering these report writing techniques, realtors can enhance their credibility and ensure that clients receive valuable, actionable information that supports their decision-making process.

Example: After conducting an inspection, a realtor prepares a report that highlights significant findings, such as electrical issues and potential roof leaks, with accompanying photos and clear recommendations. The report also includes a summary section, where the most pressing issues are briefly explained, allowing clients to grasp the key points quickly while diving deeper into the details as needed​(
Structure Tech Home Inspections; HomeLight).

Final Exam – Reflective Situational Questions:
Scenario-Based Reflection: A client wants to skip a formal inspection for a newly constructed home, confident that everything is in perfect condition. However, as a professional, you know that even new builds can have hidden issues. How would you advise the client while maintaining their trust and enthusiasm for the purchase? Reflect on how you would balance client education with respecting their autonomy, and how this approach might affect their perception of your expertise​.

Legal Knowledge Reflection: When preparing an inspection report, you must include all mandatory elements as required by New York State law, such as documenting limitations and providing disclaimers. How would you ensure that your report is both legally compliant and accessible to clients without overwhelming them with technical jargon? Reflect on how you would structure the report to prioritize critical findings while maintaining transparency and clarity​.

Problem-Solving Reflection: After delivering an inspection report, a client disputes one of your findings, claiming that their contractor disagrees with your assessment. How would you handle this situation professionally, ensuring that the client’s concerns are addressed while upholding your credibility? Reflect on how you would navigate this disagreement, considering both the legal and relational aspects of the transaction​.

Module 5: Hands-On Home Inspector Field Training (40 Hours)

Introduction:
This final module is designed to transition participants from theoretical knowledge to real-world application, where confidence and competence are built through hands-on experience. Practical field training is essential for mastering the skills needed to conduct thorough and accurate inspections. Through supervised exercises and real-time feedback, realtors will refine their techniques, ensuring that they are fully prepared to deliver professional and reliable inspection services to clients. By engaging directly with the properties and utilizing industry-standard tools, realtors will gain a deeper understanding of the inspection process while developing the judgment necessary to navigate real-world challenges.

Key Learning Objectives:
1. Supervised Inspections
Live property inspections under the guidance of experienced instructors are at the core of this module. Participants will have the opportunity to apply classroom knowledge in real-world scenarios, evaluating everything from structural integrity and exterior conditions to mechanical systems and interior finishes. During these inspections, realtors will learn how to prioritize key areas of concern, manage time effectively, and interact with clients while conducting inspections ​(InterNACHI; HomeLight).
The experience gained in these live inspections is invaluable in preparing realtors to handle diverse property types, from newly built homes to older properties with potential hidden issues. This hands-on practice not only builds technical expertise but also helps realtors develop the confidence needed to carry out independent inspections with accuracy and professionalism.

Example: During a supervised inspection, a participant encounters a property with multiple complex issues, such as uneven floors, moisture intrusion in the basement, and signs of outdated wiring. With guidance from the instructor, the participant learns how to systematically assess each issue, prioritize findings, and prepare actionable recommendations for clients ​(Structure Tech Home Inspections; HomeLight).

2. Practical Application of Tools and Checklists
In this section, realtors will gain proficiency in using industry-standard inspection tools such as moisture meters, infrared cameras, and electrical testers. Participants will learn how to correctly interpret readings and integrate these findings into their inspection reports. Systematic checklists are also introduced as a way to ensure thoroughness and consistency across all inspections ​(InterNACHI; Edina Realty).

By practicing with these tools, realtors will be better equipped to detect issues that are not always visible to the naked eye, such as hidden moisture, electrical faults, or insulation deficiencies. The use of systematic checklists ensures that no critical areas are overlooked, enabling realtors to provide clients with evidence-based evaluations that inspire confidence and trust.

Example: A participant using an infrared camera during a property inspection detects an area of elevated moisture behind a bathroom wall. By following the checklist and verifying the reading with a moisture meter, the realtor is able to confirm a hidden leak, which could have led to significant damage if left undetected​ (InterNACHI).

3. Field Experience Feedback and Improvement
Continuous feedback and improvement are essential for mastering inspection techniques. After each field inspection, participants will engage in debrief sessions with their instructors, who provide constructive feedback on performance, highlight areas for improvement, and reinforce best practices ​(InterNACHI; Edina Realty).
This iterative process ensures that realtors develop consistency in their approach, build the necessary confidence to conduct independent inspections, and remain adaptable when faced with unexpected challenges in the field. The focus on real-time feedback helps participants refine their skills incrementally, ultimately leading to a higher level of professionalism and accuracy in their inspection services.

Example: After completing a field inspection, a participant receives feedback on the thoroughness of their report, the clarity of their communication with the client, and the effectiveness of their inspection process. The instructor points out missed details, such as a minor but important foundation crack, and advises on how to improve report structure to make key findings more accessible to clients​ (Structure Tech Home Inspections; InterNACHI).

Final Exam – Reflective Situational Questions:
Scenario-Based Reflection: During a live inspection, you encounter an unfamiliar structural issue that wasn’t fully covered in your training, such as an unusual form of foundation settlement. How would you handle this situation, ensuring that your evaluation is thorough while recognizing your limitations? Reflect on how you would balance the need for further investigation with providing immediate value to your client​.

Practical Knowledge Reflection: While using a moisture meter during an inspection, you detect elevated moisture levels behind a bathroom wall, potentially indicating a hidden leak. How would you document this finding, and what steps would you recommend to your client, considering both immediate and long-term solutions? Reflect on how your approach could influence the client’s decision regarding further evaluations and negotiations​.

Client Interaction Reflection: A client accompanies you during an inspection and expresses concern about a specific feature of the home, such as a sloping floor that you’ve determined is within acceptable limits. How would you address their concerns without causing unnecessary alarm, while also maintaining your professional integrity? Reflect on how your communication could reassure the client while ensuring that they are fully informed​.